A Study to assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection among the B.Sc Nursing first year students of selected Nursing College in Rudrapur, Udham Singh Nagar

Priyanka Joshi¹, Diksha Bisht², Gaurav Negi², Hemlata Bhatt², Imrana966², Jyoti Rani²,

Masuk Ali², Pooja Haldar², Shikha Chawla², Shilpi Negi³, Avantika Bora²

¹Assistant Professor, Droan College of Nursing, Vill and Post, Khanpur Purab Dineshpur Road,

Rudrapur - 263153, Uttarakhand, India.

²Third Year B. Sc Nursing Students, Droan College of Nursing, Vill and Post,

Khanpur Purab Dineshpur Road, Rudrapur - 263153, Uttarakhand, India.

³Nursing Tutor, Droan College of Nursing, Vill and Post,

Khanpur Purab Dineshpur Road, Rudrapur - 263153, Uttarakhand, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: priyankapandey0566@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Hospital Acquired Infections is also called Nosocomial infection or Health care associated infection. This infection may occur after 48 hours of admission in the hospital or after discharge from the hospital. The person may be a patient, members of the hospital staff or visitors. Infection is a painful fact of life and the chief cause of death. If infection occurs during hospital stay, it can cause prolonged stay and increase the rate of morbidity and mortality.¹ Nurses are the one who spend more time with patient by being involved in direct care. So she should know how to deliver the care to patient, without risk of occurrence the Hospital Acquired Infection. Infection control is the quality standard of patient care, It is essential for patient safety and well being. Student nurses are more often at risk for transmission of infectious agents while performing some invasive or non invasive procedures in the hospitals. So they should be aware, how to prevent transmission of Hospital Acquired Infections.The main objective of this study is to create awareness and enhance knowledge about Hospital Acquired infection among the B.sc Nursing first year students. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study quantitative research approach was used in this study, pre – experimental, one group pre-test post test descriptive research design was used. By using non–probability consecutive sampling technique. This study was done on 30 B.sc Nursing first year students; data was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infections. Result: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including  96.66 % of B.sc nursing 1^st year students are belong to (Hindu religion), 93.3% of B.sc nursing 1^st year students are (female gender), 90  % of B.sc nursing 1^st year students were between (17-20 years of age), 90% of B.sc nursing 1^st year students were having (previous knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection), 83.3% of mothers were (housewife), 60% of students were having knowledge through books/ journals, 60% of B.s555c nursing 1^st year students belong to rural society, 40% of B.sc nursing 1^st year student belong to urban society, 30% of study participant’s fathers were government employed, 30% of fathers were private employed and 30% of fathers were other employed. The finding of study revealed that the mean post test knowledge score (12.83) is significantly greater than the mean pre test knowledge score (12.56) of experimental group B.sc nursing 1^st year students (t ₍₂₉₎ = 2.28, P <0.05) Hence it is evident that the structured teaching programme is effective module for improving the knowledge of B.sc nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

KEYWORDS: Socio-demographic data.

INTRODUCTION:

Hospital Acquired Infections is defined as acquiring an infection in the hospital by the patients or others during their stay and manifesting either during the hospital stay itself or after discharge.

Hospital acquired infections is usually due to failure to observe aseptic precautions while carrying out the hospital procedures such as surgical operations, iv infusions, catheterization, dressing of the wound, lumber puncture, giving injections etc. Hospital acquired infections spread by the various routes like by physical contact, by droplet infection, by infected dust, by fomites, by parenteral or percutaneous route etc.²

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Nosocomial Infection is a major challenging life-threatening condition which the patient is facing and nurses are the one who spend more time with patient by being involved in direct care so she should know how to deliver care to the patient, without risk of occurrence the Hospital Acquired Infection. So, the purpose of this study to assess the level of knowledge of B.sc nursing 1^st year students about Hospital Acquired Infection. and create awareness; enhance knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infections among nursing students.

RESEARCH STATEMENT:

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection a3mong the B.sc Nursing first year students of selected Nursing College in Rudrapur, Udham Singh Nagar.

OBJECTIVES:

· Assess the knowledge level of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

· Assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

· Find out the association between levels of knowledge score with selected socio-demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:

· Assess- It refers to analyze the level of knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection among B.sc Nursing 1^st year students.

· Effectiveness- It refers to improvement in the knowledge score after administering the structured teaching programme on Hospital Acquired Infection.

· Structured Teaching Programme- It refers to systematically developed instructional aides for B.sc nursing 1^st year students   regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

· Knowledge- It refers to level of understanding among B.sc Nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

· Hospital Acquired Infection- It refers to infection which developing in patients after admission to hospital, which was not present at the time of admission.

· B. Sc. nursing students- It is a four year professional course for students who seek to become a registered nurse.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1 There will be a significant difference in knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection among B.sc Nursing students after administering structured teaching programme.

H2 There will be a significant association of knowledge score with selected socio – demographic variables.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research approach: Quantitative research approach

Research design: Pre – experimental, one group pre test, post test descriptive research design

Population of the study: The target population of this study was B.sc Nursing year students

Sample: In this study sample consists of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students

Sample size: sample size was 30 B.sc Nursing 1^st year students

Sampling technique: Non probability convenience sampling technique was used

Data collecting tools/Instruments:

Tool I: Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the socio-demographic data.

Tool II: Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of samples based on Age in years, Gender and Religion, residence, educational qualification of father, educational qualification of mother, occupational status of father, occupational status of mother, previous knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection, source of knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection          (n=30)

Socio demographic variables	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)
Age in years: a) 17-20 b) 21- 24 c) 25- 28 d) Above 28	27 1 2 0	90 3.33 6.66 036
Gender a) Male b) Female	28 2	93.3 6.66
Religion a) Hindu b) Muslim c) Sikh d) Christian e) Others	29 0 1 0 0	96.66 0 3.33 0 0
Socio demographic variables	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)
Residence a) Urban  society b) Rural society	12 18	40 60
Educational qualification of father a) No formal education b) Primary school c) High school d) Intermediate e) Graduate & above	0 4 3 12 11	0 13.3 10 40 36.6
Educational qualification of Mother a) No formal education b) Primary school c) High school d) Intermediate e) Graduate & above	5 3 6 13 3	16.6 10 20 43.3 10
Socio demographic variables	Frequency (f)	Percentag*e (%)
Occupational status of Father a) Unemployment b) Government Employee c) Private Employee d) Businessman e) Others	0 9 9 3 9	0 30 30 10 30
Occupational status of Mother a) unemployment b) Government employee c) Private employee d) House wife e) Others	0 3 2 25 0	0 10 6.66 83.3 0
Socio demographic variables	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)
Pervious knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection a) Yes b) No	27 3	90 10
Source of knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection a) Books / journals b) Mass media / social media c) Parents / relatives d) Peer group e) Others	18 4 2 0 6	60 13.3 6.66 0 20

Assessment of level of knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection before and after administration of structured teaching programme.

Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of samples based on pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score (n=30)

Level of knowledge	Pre-test		Post-test
	Frequency (f)	Percentage  (%)	Frequency (f)	Percentage (%)
Poor	01	3.33	0	0
Average	28	93.3	26	86.6
Good	01	3.33	04	3.3

Table 2 shows that in pre test majority 93.3% of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students had average knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection, about 3.33 % of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students had good knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection and 3.33% of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students had poor knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection. In post test maximum 86.6 of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students had average knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection, about 13.3% of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students had good knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

Table3: Analysis of the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection among B.Sc nursing 1^st year students (n=30)

Group	Knowledge Score	Mean	Standard  Deviation (SD)	Paired t value	P Value	95% CI
Experimental  Group	Pre test Post test	12.56 12.83	1.68 2.95	2.28	0.001*	12.83-14.03 11.77-13.89

*Significance at 0.05 level

Table 3 shows that the mean post test knowledge score (12.83) is significantly greater than the mean pre test knowledge score (12.56) of experimental group B.sc Nursing 1^st year students (t ₍₂₉₎ = 2.28, P <0.05) Hence it is evident that the structured teaching programme is effective module for improving the knowledge of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection.

Table 4: Association between knowledge of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with selected socio demographic variables. (n=30)

Socio demographic Variables	Level of knowledge		Df	Chi Square	P Value
	Average	Good
Age in years: a) 17-20 b) 21- 24 c) 25- 28 d) Above   28	23 1 2 0	4 0 0 0	2	7.37	0.008*
Gender a) Male b) Female	2 24	1 3	2	1.044	0.20
Religion a) Hindu b) Muslim c) Sikh d) Christian e) Others	25 0 1 0 0	4 0 0 0 0	2	1.17	0.18
Socio demographic Variables	Level of knowledge		Df	Chi Square	P Value
	Average	Good
Residence a) Urban society b) Rural society	11 15	1 3	2	0.42	0.35
Educational qualification of father a) No formal education b) Primary school c) High school d) Intermediate e) Graduate & above	0 3 3 10 10	0 1 0 2 1	3	1.22	0.15
Educational qualification     of mother a) No formal education b) Primary school c) High school d) Intermediate e) Graduate & above	2 3 6 12 3	2 0 0 2 0	4	6.49	0.001*

Socio demographic Variables	Level of knowledge		df	Chi Square	P Value
	Average	Good
Occupational status of Father a) Unemployment b) Government Employee c) Private Employee d) Businessman e) Others1	0 7 8 3 8	1 2 1 0 0	4	9.005	0.0004*
Occupational status of Mother a) unemployment b) Government employee c) Private employee d) House wife e) Others	0 3 2 21 0	0 0 0 4 0	2	1.26	0.16

Socio demographic Variables	Level of knowledge		df	Chi Square	P Value
	Average	Good
Pervious knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection a) Yes b) No	23 3	3 1	2	0.53	0.32
Source of knowledge regarding Hospital Acquired Infection a) Books / journals b) 3Mass media / social media c) Parents / relatives d) Peer group e) Others	16 3 2 0 5	2 1 0 0 1	3	1.76	0.82

The above table shows that there is association in knowledge of B.sc nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with age (P=0.008) and there is no significant association in knowledge B.sc nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with gender and religion, it shows that there is no significant association between knowledge of B.sc nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with residence, educational qualification of father but there is association between knowledge of B.sc nursing 1^st year regarding  Hospital Acquired Infection with educational qualification of mother(P= 0.001), it shows that there is significant association between knowledge of B.sc. nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with occupation of father but there is significant association between knowledge of B.sc. nursing 1^st  year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with occupation  of mother. And it shows that there is no significant association between knowledge of B.sc. nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with previous knowledge and Source of knowledge.

The result showed that there is significant association between knowledge of B.sc. nursing 1^st   year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with age, educational qualification of mother and occupational status of father. Therefore the research hypothesis is accepted.

CONCLUSION:

This study finding evident that the structured teaching programme is effective module for improving the knowledge of B.sc Nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection. The result showed that there is significant association between knowledge of B.Sc. nursing 1^st year students regarding Hospital Acquired Infection with age, educational qualification of mother and occupational status of father. The post test knowledge score was significantly greater than the pre test knowledge score.

REFERENCE:

1. Baveja.CP.Text Book of Microbiolology for Nursing.NewDelhi:Arya Publishing Company.fourth edition;2014;p.234-236.

2. Suryakantha.AH.CommunityMedicine.fourthedition.NewDelhi:Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (p) Ltd; 2017;315.

Received on 17.06.2022 Modified on 27.06.2022

Accepted on 02.07.2022 © A&V Publications all right reserved

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2022; 10(3):259-263.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2022.00060